"Lost and Found"
Luke 15:1-10
September 15, 2013
The religious leaders are at it again. When they see all the tax collectors and outcasts who are coming to listen to Jesus, they start grumbling. How can Jesus associate with that riff-raff? Doesn’t Jesus know what kind of people they are? If Jesus knows what’s good for him, he’ll stop hanging around with them. They’re a lost cause.
“This fellow welcomes sinners—and even eats with them!”
If you read through the gospels, you’ll see some patterns. Jesus accepted tax collectors and religious outcasts, and they were glad to hear what he said. Throughout the gospels, we hear a tension around Jesus accepting people on the margins of polite, religious society and those in the religious establishment of his days.
It’s not that the Pharisees and scribes were such bad people. The Pharisees were very devout lay religious leaders, kind of like the elders of the church. The scribes were the educated interpreters of the Law, who taught religious law—kind of like the seminary professors of their day.
The Pharisees and the scribes were trying very hard to be the good people of God. They searched the Scriptures and developed what was called “the oral tradition.” Basically it was about how to earn God’s good favor. They spent their time and energy trying to please God by following thousands of laws that had developed to spell out how good people would follow the Ten Commandments under all kinds of circumstances.
An important part of the religious observance taught by the scribes and Pharisees was the distinction between “clean” and “unclean.” Contact with unclean foods, substances, and persons could render a person unclean—ritually defiled before God. According to their tradition, good religious people could only eat with others who also observed ritual purity.
Jesus violated this basic principle of their piety by eating with non-observant outcasts. “Sinners” would have included not only those who broke the moral laws, but also those who did not maintain ritual purity. If someone you loved had any of a number of skin diseases that were considered “leprosy” in their day, which would probably include things we know today as exzema and psoriasis, the purity laws would consider you defiled by contact with them.
When the Pharisees saw the tax collectors and sinners coming to hear Jesus, they began to “grumble.” This is the same word the Greek translation of the Torah used in the stories of how the people of Israel “grumbled” in the wilderness. The God who showed mercy to the Israelites in the wilderness also offered mercy to the “tax collectors and sinners.” But the religious leaders took offense at how Jesus welcomed those they thought were unworthy. Rather than rejoicing and celebrating what God was doing, they “grumbled” about Jesus.
Now, Jesus could have responded to their grumbling with simple pronouncements and rules for living. But he was more interested in changing peoples’ hearts… and in bringing about spiritual transformation in those who listened.
“There will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance,” Jesus says.
As Brian McLaren puts it, the word for repentance means to re-think—to reconsider your direction and consider a new one…to admit you might be wrong…to give your life a second thought…to think about your thinking.[1]
For Jesus, true righteousness—a righteousness that exceeds the righteousness of the Pharisees—is about the heart. Hearts can’t be coerced. Nobody can be forced into a change of heart. They can be invited, attracted, intrigued, enticed, and challenged, but not forced.
So, as McClaren suggests, Jesus’ parables don’t grab you by the lapels and scream in your face, “Repent, you vile sinner! Turn or burn!” Rather, Jesus’ parables work gently, subtly, indirectly. They respect your dignity. They don’t batter you into submission, but leave you free to discover and choose for yourself.[2]
So often, we imagine God standing sternly "up there," arms crossed, frowning, waiting for us to come to our senses and then saying, "Well, it’s about time!" But that’s not the way Jesus tells it.
Over and over in the Bible we hear the message that God loves each and every one of us. You and I are so precious to God that the very hairs on our heads are numbered. God asks, “Can a mother forget the child she bore?” In all our brokenness and fragility and vulnerability, each person in creation is precious to God.
Jesus came to live among us, full of grace and truth, to show us what God’s love looks like. By sharing table fellowship with tax collectors and people the good “righteous” people think of as “sinners,” Jesus is demonstrating a deep and abiding acceptance of people who are seen by society as un-acceptable.
Jesus hears the people muttering. He responds to their complaints with three parables about lost things and about losers being found: a lost sheep…a lost coin…and—in a parable we heard during Lent—a parable about a lost son.
A shepherd searches for a lost sheep. A woman who loses a tenth of her wealth lights her lamp and sweeps all night searching for the coin.
“Which of you,” Jesus begins each story, implying that their behavior is normal. But is it? Really? The shepherd puts 99 sheep at risk, leaving them to fend for themselves while he goes to seek out one that was lost. And when he finds the lost sheep, he hustles the whole flock home and calls his friends and neighbors to join in his celebration. The woman—when she finds her lost coin—calls together her neighbors and invites them to celebrate, which probably meant that she provided food and drink for a party. It might have cost her as much as the lost/found coin was worth. Is this normal behavior?
“Which one of you wouldn’t have done this?” But that may be the point. This kind of ridiculous, joyful celebration in the story is about helping us to imagine how God responds when a sinner repents. The word we translate as “repentance” has to do with mending of one’s ways and moral reform-- but the chief characteristic is a turning around… a change in perspective… or seeing. “I once was blind and now I see.” It has to do with being lost and a desire to turn around and be found. Amazing grace! And just like that, Jesus says, the angels of God rejoice over one lost person who turns and repents and changes.
Imagine it. Jesus says God is like a shepherd going after one lost sheep. God is like a woman turning her house upside down, searching for the one lost coin, even though the other nine are safely tucked into her purse.
These sinners that you have written off, says Jesus to the grumblers, these sinners are precious to God. God searches for them until they’re found. Then God and all the hosts of heaven celebrate over each lost one that is found.
What I’ve discovered over the years is that whether you hear this as good news or not depends on who you identify with in the story. Do you find yourself sitting with all the sinners and outcasts around Jesus? Or do you identify more with the good church people who are grumbling about who Jesus is hanging out with?
I wonder how the religious leaders reacted to what Jesus said. I wonder whether the leaders had any idea that they, too, were lost ones needing to repent and turn around. Did they know they were among the sinners that God seeks out so persistently? Did they have any idea that God was turning the world upside down to find the tax collectors and outcasts…and the good church people, to claim as God’s own sheep…God’s own precious coins?[3]
A lot of the folk who gather in the pews at church on Sunday mornings are a lot more like the good righteous folk in Jesus’ stories than the sinners. Most of us try very hard to be good Christians and do the right thing. But is it possible that we can be righteous in this sense—but also lost?
As David Lose asks:[4] “Might the parents who want their children to succeed so much that they wrap their whole lives around hockey games and dance recitals be lost? “Might the career minded man or woman who has made moving up the ladder the one and only priority be lost?. Might the senior who has a great pension plan but little sense of meaning since retirement be lost? Might the teen who works so hard to be perfect and who is willing to do just about anything to fit in be lost?...” The list could go on…
There are lots of people in our congregations and in our communities—good, respectable people who seem to have it all together and yet—deep down, are just plain lost. There are people who work hard, do their best, show up for church on time—all good things. While having it all together is great, there are some times when we can feel lost. But if we’re only scratching the surface of who we are and what we need and hope for on the deepest level—then we’re lost.
Church—when we’re truly being church-- is a place where anybody who feels lost can come--sinners and righteous alike. We can come together and admit our lost-ness… and confess our hopes and fears, dreams and dashed hopes to God. We can trust that-- when we turn toward God-- God throws a party and invites all the angels to celebrate.
When we open ourselves to God’s grace, God is here to give us a new identity beyond and better than anything we could have dreamed up for ourselves or done on our own. Church is a place where we can grow into knowing ourselves as part of God’s family.
As Desmond Tutu says, “In God’s family, there are no outsiders. All are insiders….—all belong.”[5] Tutu talks a lot about the delicate network of interdependence that is called ubuntu in Nuguni languages, and how it is the essence of being human. My burden is caught up and bound up in your burden. You and I are human because we belong and participate and share. Hospitality, warmth, generosity, willingness to share are great values.
Do you believe that? We can be truly free, only together. We can be human only together. As followers of Christ, we are called to reach out across boundaries, to share the good news of God’s love with sinners and outsiders and anyone God puts in our path or neighborhood. In Jesus Christ we are forgiven, redeemed, and transformed. We are called to work with Christ, as partners, to share the good news of God’s love and acceptance.
Do we hear Jesus? “Rejoice with me because I have found my lost sheep.’ I tell you, in just the same way, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need of repentance."
Jesus is showing us a passion and joy for wholeness and inclusion that we can know when our hearts are open. When people we love are away or missing, we don’t feel whole or complete. God has created us for wholeness and inclusion. God cares enough about each one of us to come looking for us when we get lost. God cares for everyone-- even some folks that we can’t imagine God would waste a moment on!
The parables we heard today aren’t ultimately about who’s a sinner or who’s righteous… and not even about being lost and found. They’re about a God so crazy in love with all God’s children that this God will do anything to find them. To find us.
God’s heart aches and yearns to bring every sheep into his fold…to tuck every coin safely into her purse. God celebrates whenever one is found.
The party is waiting. Praise be to God!
[1] Brian D. McLaren, The Secret Message of Jesus: Uncovering the Truth that Could Change Everything. (W. Publishing Company/Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006), p. 47.
[2] Ibid., p. 48.
[3] I am indebted here to Mary Harris Todd’s sermon “Rejoicing Over Just One” at www.sermonmall.com
[5] Desmond Tutu, God Has a Dream: A Vision of Hope for Our Time (Doubleday, 2004), p. 20.
